Delhi Darshan

**Bunny** · 15th October 2007, 11:22 PM

Forts & Monuments

Humayun's Tomb

The second Mughal Emperor Humayun died just a year after he regained Delhi. His Persian wife, Hamida Begum, supervised the construction of his tomb from 1562-1572. It was designed by the Persian architect, Mirak Mirza Ghiyuath. Situated on the bank of River Yamuna and adjoining the shrine of the famous Sufi saint Nizam al-Din Auliya, this tomb is said to have been a precedent of later Mughal mausoleums in India. The geometrically arranged gardens intersected with numerous water channels present a paradise setting.

The tomb took eight years to build and had a Char Bagh Garden style in its design, the first of its kind in the region. These were later introduced in the Red Fort of Delhi and at the Taj Mahal of Agra. Persian architectural traits are also evident in the building and its main chamber is said to be inspired from the tomb of the Persian Mongol ruler, Oljeytu, at Sultaniyya. The tomb of Timur (Tamerlane) in Samarkand is also said to be the source of inspiration for the Mughal architecture in India.

In the central domed chamber, the sarcophagus of Humayun is found. According to Islamic practice, his head is pointing south, and facing east. The vaulted chambers also contain tombs that were added later. These tombs contain symbols that provide complete information about their occupant. The sarcophagi are not usually inscribed, but these tombs are believed to be containing the remains of the wives of Humayun, along with several later Mughal emperors and princes.

The name of Humayun's tomb is found in the list of UNESCO Heritage buildings and was the first Indian building to use the Persian double dome. Its harmonious proportions are undoubtedly the work of skilled craftsmen. Set upon a platform, it exhibits certain Indian architectural features too, such as the small kiosks or 'chhatris' on the roof. The attractive inlaid tile work is carved intricately using Indian and Persian patterns and elements. Its carved stone screens are praiseworthy for their delicate look.

Isa Khan's Tomb

Isa Khan's Tomb is situated just outside the Humayun's tomb precincts in New Delhi. It was built in the honor of Isa Khan, a brave and valiant noble under Sher Shah, the Afghan ruler who had overthrown Humayun. It was built in 1547, in an octagonal pattern. It is an architectural gem in the Islamic art in India and remained a model tomb amongst the ruling families in its time. Said to be inspired by the tomb of Sikandar Lodi, which is 300 years older than the Isa Khan tomb, it can boast of having more graceful proportions. The 'chhatris' or small kiosks and pinnacles around the dome that were introduced here look quite elegant.

Jantar Mantar

Situated at Connaught Place area of New Delhi, Jantar Mantar is one of the five observatories built by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II, the ruler and founder of Jaipur, in India. Smaller than the one at Jaipur, it is still astonishing because of its capability to make accurate calculations of many astronomical movements. Constructed in 1724, the giant abstract masonry instruments of Jantar Mantar are the evident of the technological genius of the times in the field of astronomy. Jai Singh was a keen astronomer and a noble in the Mughal court.

He was dissatisfied by the brass and metal astronomical instruments and decided to correct and update the astronomical records with more accurate instruments. He built five Jantar Mantars in India, located at Delhi, Jaipur, Varanasi, Ujjain and Mathura. Jantar Mantar of New Delhi was built with a view to help the practicing astronomers in observing the movements of the Sun, Moon and all other planets. The relevance of this science would then be introduced to the general public.

The Sun dial here dominates the par and is also known as the Samrat Yantra or Brihat Samrat yantra - the huge sundial. A striking structure in yellow on the right side, it has a 27m high arm adjusted at an angle of 27 degrees. The other yantras in this observatory are used to observe the various stars and planets. The Mishra Yantra helps to determine the longest and shortest days in the year. In December, one pillar overshadows the other and in June, it does not cast any shadow at all.

When compared to others, this observatory is the largest and the best preserved today. But, after its erection in 1724, it remained functional only for seven years. Observations made each day were noted down and later a chart called Zij Muhammad Shahi was prepared. This was then dedicated to the reigning monarch. Many experts in this field are of the view that these observatories fell into disuse, because of lack of thought on the part of the king. The original name Yantra (instrument) mantra (formula) has been corrupted to Jantar Mantar.

Old Fort

Said to be built on the site of Indraprastha, mentioned in Mahabharata - the great Indian epic, Old Fort has been the seat for administration for many emperors. Now in ruins, this citadel had the glory of being the seat of the legendary ruler, Prithviraj Chauhan. Sher Shah Suri built it after he demolished the Humayun's city, Dinpanah. There are bastions on the corners of the western wall of the fort. The 2-km long ramparts of Purana Quila boast of three double-storied main gates sporting 'chhatris' on top. They can be found in north, south and west.

The northern one is called the 'Talaqi-Darwaza' (the Forbidden Gate) and has a carving of marble lions engaged in combat with a man in its front. One can still see the remnants of the colored tiles which used to ornament its exteriors. However, it is said that Sher Shah could not complete the construction of Old Fort and it was finished by Humayun. Thus, the southern gate of the fort is known as Humayun Darwaza. There is a wide moat on the northern and western sides of the fortress and a causeway connected the fortress with the main land.

Excavations in the Old Fort area have revealed pieces of painted greyware dated around 1000 BC, said to be related to Mahabharata. Relics and remains of later period found here confirm the belief that Purana Quila was built on the site of Indraprastha, the capital of Pandavas. These artifacts range from the Mauryan to early Mughal period, such as Northern Black polished ware, punch-marked coins, human and animal terracotta figurines and inscribed terracotta seals. Sher Shah built a mosque in 1541, with traits of Lodhi to Mughal architecture style.

Sher-Mandal, a double-storey octagonal tower of red sandstone and marble, surmounted by an octagonal chhatri and decorated with glazed tiles and painted plasterwork was also built by him. The latter was said to be used as a library by Humayun. It was from here that Humayun fell down and died. Besides these, there is a Sound and Light Show at Old Fort, presenting the 5000 years of history of Delhi. Other attractions near the Old Fort are a lake with paddle-boating facility and the Zoological Park situated just adjacent to it

Safdarjung Tomb

Situated besides the Safdarjung airport in New Delhi, Safdarjung tomb was built by the Nawab of Awadh for his father. It is one of the finest examples of architecture in India. The second Nawab of the Awadh dynasty was popularly known as Safdarjung. He was born as Muhammad Muqim in Khurasan province of Persia and migrated to India in 1722. He succeeded his father-in-law and maternal uncle, Saadat Khan, to the throne of Awadh. In order to occupy the throne, he had to pay an astounding amount of money to Nadir Shah.

Later, the Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah gave him the title of "Safdarjung". He was an efficient administrator and handled the administration of Awadh with great precision. Safdarjung rendered valuable assistance to the weakened Muhammad Shah. Very soon, he occupied an important place in the Delhi court. When Ahmad Shah Bahadur ascended the throne at Delhi, Safdarjung became his Wazir-ul-Mamalik-i-Hindustan or the Chief Minister of India.

The tomb of Safdarjang was built to commemorate the memory of Wazir of Hindustan. It is situated in the center and has a huge dome. There are four water canals leading to four buildings. One of the canals has an ornately decorated gateway, while the other three are pavilions, with living quarters built into the walls. There are octagonal towers in the corners. There are also four oblong tanks (canals) on each side of the tomb.

Qutub Minar

Qutubuddin Aibak laid the foundation of Qutab Minar, as a victory tower, in 1199 AD. Originally, it rose to a height of 72.5 m. It is undoubtedly one of the finest stone towers in India and one of the most important landmarks of Delhi. Iltutmish, the son-in-law and successor of Qutubuddin, completed its construction. Nearby, one can also see the ruins of the Tomb of Iltutmish. He built it in 1235 AD, during his own lifetime, and decorated the interiors profusely, using calligraphy. The tower tapers from a base of 14.32 m to 2.75 m at its top and took 20 years to complete.

Built in red sandstone, this tower sports the inscriptions of verses of Holy Quran and some intricate carvings. We can also see the ruins of the embattlements of the city called 'Siri' here. It was established in 1303 AD by Ala-ud-Din, who dug a vast reservoir in Hauz Khas to supply water to his city. Though nothing much of the city remains to be seen, it has been described by the contemporary historians as the 'envy of Baghdad, the rival of Cairo and equal to Constantinople'. Besides these, one can also see the tomb of Adham Khan and Zafar Mahal within Qutub complex and the tomb of Jamali-Kamali behind it.

Iron Pillar
Situated in the courtyard of the Quwwatu'l-Islam, the famous Iron Pillar belongs to 4th century. It is enclosed in the Qutub Minar complex of New Delhi. The Sanskrit inscription in Gupta script and the peculiar style of its 'Amalaka' capital confirms the date.

Qutub Minar Legends
There a number of legends related to the Qutub Minar of New Delhi. Some people believe that the monument was actually built by Prithviraj Chauhan, so that his daughter could behold the sacred river Yamuna from its top as part of her daily worship.

Qutub Minar Blues
According to the inscriptions on Qutub Minar, it was twice struck by the lightning and was damaged. The first incidence occurred in 1326, during the reign of Muhammed Tughluq.

Quwwatu'l-Islam Masjid
The mosque known as Quwwatu'l-Islam Masjid is located adjacent to Qutub Minar in Delhi. It is believed to have been built using the carved stone slabs and materials of the remains of Hindu Temples. Delicate brocade designs and Islamic inscription adorn this structure.

Tomb of Iltutmish
Built by Shamsu'd-Din Iltutmish himself in 1235, the tomb of Iltutmish lies to the northwest of the Quwwatu'l Islam Mosque of New Delhi. Though, there was a gap of only five years between the constructions of Sultan Ghauri's tomb and this tomb.

Red Fort

Shah Jahan shifted his capital from Agra to Shahjahanabad and laid the foundation of Red Fort, or the Lal Quila, on 16th April 1639. It took nine years to build this mighty citadel and it got completed on 16th April 1648. It is said that about one crore rupees, an astronomical sum in those days, was spent on its construction. Half of this sum was spent to build the exotic palaces within the fort. Built of red sandstone, it is octagonal in shape, with two longer sides on the east and west.

The perimeter of its strong ramparts is about 2.41 km. Red Fort rises to a height of 33.5 m on the town side and 18 m along the river. A wide moat surrounds the fort, which was originally connected with the river and was always filled with water. The two main gateways, known as Lahori Gate and Delhi Gate (named so, as they face Lahore and Delhi respectively), are three storeys high and are flanked by semi-octagonal towers. They are situated on the centre of the western and southern sides respectively.

The main entrance to the Lal Quila is through the Lahori Gate. Beyond the gate, there is a roofed passage, flanked by arcaded apartments leading to the palaces, known as Chhatta Chowk. These apartments are now used as shops. Besides these, there are three more gates on other sides, which are kept closed now. The master builders of the Red Fort were Hamid and Ahmad. Visitors are allowed only in a part of Red Fort, as the army occupies the rest of it. Some of the main buildings within the fort are:

Diwan-i-Am
Diwan-i-Am or Hall of Public Audience is situated in the Red Fort of Delhi. It originally had a courtyard on its front and was richly ornamented with gilded stuccowork. Heavy curtains graced the main hall, which were three bays in depth.

Hamam
Accompanying the Diwan-i-Khas, or Hall of Selective Audience, the Hamam (bathroom set) consists of three apartments interconnected by corridors. The marble floors and dados are inlaid with beautiful floral patterns of multi-colored stones.

Moti Masjid
The personal mosque of Aurungzeb, Moti Masjid or Pearl Mosque lies to the west of Hamam. Situated on a higher level than courtyards, the prayer-hall of the mosque has inlaid black-marble outlines of 'musallas' (small carpets for prayers) and is surmounted by three bulbous domes.

Mumtaz Mahal
One of the original six main-palaces situated along the river front, Mumtaz Mahal was also known as 'Chhoti Baithak'. A beautiful water channel called 'Nahr-i-Bihisht' (meaning Stream of Paradise) flew through these palaces. However, this palace has been removed, probably because it was totally in ruins.

Naubat Khana Naubat Khana, or Naqqar Khana (meaning the Drum House), is situated at the entrance of the palace area. Here music was played five times a day at the appointed hours. It housed a gate known as 'Hathi Pol' (Elephant Gate), where visitors dismounted from their elephants.

**Bunny** · 16th October 2007, 03:12 AM

Delhi Museums

Crafts Museum

The Crafts Museum is situated at Pragati Maidan area of New Delhi. It displays Indian handicrafts and offers first-hand experience of craftsmen at work. Some of the most rare and exquisite pieces of art and craft, collected selectively from all over India, are the prized possessions of the museum. Established in 1956 with an aim to showcase and promote the works of native artisans, it had over 20,000 objects on display by early 1980s. The distinctive architectural display of Indian villages and authentically constructed mud huts, adorned with folk art and tribal exhibits, such as woodcarvings, paintings, paper-mache and embroidery, attract the tourists very much.

One can even see the full-sized wooden haveli from Gujarat at the museum. The Crafts Museum Shop in the complex is also worth visiting. The museum has been subdivided into several specialized galleries, including the Tribal and Rural Craft Gallery, Gallery of Courtly Crafts, Textile Gallery and Gallery of Popular Culture. There is a reference section too, which is of great help to the scholars, designers and crafts persons. The live demonstrations of producing and making of folk arts and crafts are amazing. Interested people can also buy souvenirs, such as the ritual objects, ornaments, rugs, shawls and books, either from the craftsmen or from the museum.

Indira Gandhi Memorial Museum

Indira Gandhi Memorial Museum was the residence of the former Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi. It is where her own bodyguards assassinated her on 31st October 1984. It was later converted into a museum, after her assassination. Indira Gandhi Memorial Museum preserves her personal belongings very well, and in such a manner, that they are rendered alive by merely their presentation. One can see the sari she was wearing when she was assassinated, a collection of rare photographs of the Nationalist movement, the personal moments of the Nehru-Gandhi family and her childhood photographs with the Mahatma.

The museum also contains burnt clothes of Indira Gandhi's son Rajeev Gandhi, which he was wearing at the time of his assassination. He was also one of the former Prime Ministers of lndia. One can also see some of the rare photographs clicked by him, depicting the happy times of his life. As you arrive in the gardens outside the museum, you can see the spot where Indira Gandhi was actually assassinated and fell. Dried blood spots can be seen enclosed in a glass frame at the same spot. Do not miss the last writings of the lady, hung on the entrance. It portrays the love of the leader for the nation and the countrymen. It reveals her spirit and sense of service for the motherland, inspite of the threat to her life.

National Museum

The largest museum of New Delhi, the National museum at Janpath, offers a unique insight into the history and culture of India. It has a wide array of exhibits, depicting the 5000 years of Indian history. The three floors of the museum offer splendid and priceless pieces of Indian art and sculpture that have been arranged in galleries, according to the period to which they belong. The famous sculpture of Dancing Girl from Mohenjodaro belonging to 2,500 BC, the Moghul period paintings & Arabian manuscripts are some of the prized possessions here.

The silk banners, sculpture and wall paintings that were a part of Sir Aurel Stein's collection in the Central Asian gallery are worth seeing here. A collection of Indian miniature paintings, from Mughal, Rajasthani and Pahari schools, and simple stone Neolithic Tools, dating back to 3,000 -1,500 BC, are simply outstanding. Then, there is shell and bone jewelry belonging to Indus Valley Civilization of Mohenjodaro and Harappa and also the carved pillars and statues of the Mauryan dynasty.

The fine bronze idols, stone sculpture, textiles, coins and tribal art are all exhibited at the National Museum of Delhi. The men love the display of weapons and historical costumes on the third floor, while the display of over 300 musical instruments in the museum awes the music lovers. The more inquisitive ones can also attend the film shows on the art heritage of India on weekdays at 2:30 pm and on weekends at 11:30 am, 2:30 pm and 4:00 pm. The museum remains closed on Mondays.

National Museum of Natural History

A small, but well documented, museum, known as the National Museum of Natural History, is the best place to view the varied flora and fauna of India. It is situated in FICCI building at Barakhambha road in New Delhi. It was opened for the people on 5th June 1978. The museum was the brain child of former Prime Minister Smt. Indira Gandhi. There is a Discovery and Activity Room for kids, where Children can participate in creative activities, such as animal modeling. It is maintained by the Ministry of Environment & Forests, with an aim to promote environmental education and create awareness among the people.

The museum boasts of several specialized galleries that have been designed for different target groups. There are four main exhibit galleries, namely, The Introduction of Natural History, Nature's Network Ecology and Conservation and Cell - The Basic Unit of Life. The National Museum of Natural History also has a Bio-Science Computer Room, an Activity Room and a Mobile Museum. There is a daily film show at the museum, between 11.30 am to 3.30 pm. Regular lectures and exhibitions are also organized here from time to time. Natural History Museum remains closed on Saturday.

National Rail Museum

National Rail Museum, situated in New Delhi, is a must-visit for those who love locomotives. There are various models of train, engines and coaches in the museum. It also preserves the model of India's very first train, a steam engine that made its journey from Mumbai to Thane in 1853. There are a number of locomotives displayed in the open, which are simply lovable. The museum, sprawling across 10 acres of land, is a storehouse of information on the 150-yr old history of railways in India. Children love the ride in the toy train on the miniature rail track around the museum. The highlight of the museum is the Fairy Queen built in 1855, which is the best-preserved locomotive of its times.

Some of the prized possessions of the museum are the vintage displays, including the still-working oldest locomotive in the world. Besides this, there is the Viceregal Dining Car that was built in 1889. The museum also possesses the lavish royal coaches of the Prince of Wales Saloon built in 1875, Maharaja of Mysore's Saloon built in 1899 and the Maharaja of Baroda's Saloon built in 1886. These saloons that were built specially for the imperial personages display elaborate interior design befitting the grandeur of the sovereigns. These coaches are unique in the world and nothing can match up to their splendor.

National Science Museum

National Science Centre Museum is located at Pragati Maidan area of New Delhi. Designed specially for kids, the National Science Centre Museum has a large collection of working science models to educate children about the scientific facts. It is an initiative by the government to tell the children how things work and to awaken their curiosity to know more. A trip to this museum can be both educational and recreational at the same time. The National Science Centre Museum of Delhi is one of the largest science centers in India. It was developed with an aim to make science interesting and exciting for students.

There are a number of galleries in the museum, based on different themes and containing varied displays. The displays in the museum are based on various theories and laws of science. Children can understand the nitty-gritty of science by demonstrating them practically. The models displayed at Human Biology gallery are very intriguing. The most popular spot in the museum is the 'Dinosaur's Gallery' of Animals of Mesozoic era. Children hover around this place in huge numbers. Other displays here, inform about India's contribution to science and mathematics, about Nobel Prize winners and eminent Indian personalities of the field.

Nehru Museum and Planetarium

Nehru Museum and Planetarium is situated at the erstwhile residence of Late Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India. It is the best place to learn about the history of the Independence Movement of India. The museum offers photographs of Jawaharlal Nehru in various phases of his life. The colonial building structure has high ceilings, teak panels, spacious verandas and well-maintained gardens. Prior to independence, this building served as the official residence of the Commander-in-Chief of the British forces in India. Nehru lived here for 16 years.

Also known as Teenmurti Bhawan, it now houses a museum, a library and a planetarium, dedicated to Nehru. The personal museum here is actually the bedroom, the drawing room and the study preserved exactly as they were at the time of Nehru's death. They have a visual display of his achievements, his childhood and youth. The Gifts Gallery exhibits some of the priceless gifts received by Nehru during his travel in India and overseas, including the Bharat Ratna medal that was awarded to him in 1955. The Jawahar Jyoti, the eternal flame that is kept burning day and night, symbolizes the ideals of Jawaharlal Nehru.

His first speech on the eve of Independence of India is inscribed on a massive granite rock, put up in the front lawn. The splendid collection of the library is made up of books and material on religion, culture, sociology, economics, politics and development of India. Besides the books, one can also find pamphlets, newspapers, periodicals, old and rare journals and an excellent manuscript collection. Nehru Planetarium tells you about the Space Program of India, the Universe and showcases the Capsule that took Rakesh Sharma to space. There are astronomy shows held daily, from 11:30 am to 3.00pm. The museum remains closed on Monday.

Sangeet Natak Akademi

Sangeet Natak Akademi, situated in New Delhi, is one of the premier institutions of dance, music and performing arts of India. It boasts of a large audio-visual archive. Every year, this autonomous organization, which is funded by the Government, bestows honors on the outstanding artists in the field of performing arts. It also arranges performances by renowned veterans as well as young talented artists.

Sangeet Natak Academy also runs training programs and awards scholarships to the deserving artists. The gallery in its resource center, along with its museum, displays a splendid collection of several types of Indian folk and classical musical instruments. It also exhibits elaborate masks and costumes used by the performers. The library has a collection of some rare and precious volumes that are not easily obtained elsewhere.

Sanskriti Museum

Sanskriti Museum situated in the outskirts of Delhi is broadly categorized into two parts - Sanskriti Museum of Indian Terracotta and Sanskriti Museum of Everyday Art. The Sanskriti Museum of Terracotta houses creative earthen objects made by some of the finest crafts persons, hailing from different parts of India, using their distinctive traditions and techniques. The well-documented display of terracotta crafts is complemented by the residential facilities and working space for crafts persons, where one can see them at work. It exhibits over 150 terracotta items collected from all over the nation.

There is a gallery in the museum which showcases the history of terracotta art in India. The traditional terracotta art is illustrated with the help of photographs. On the other hand, Sanskriti Museum of Everyday Art is situated in the Sanakriti Kendra. The museum was set up to preserve the age-old traditions of India. It has functional items of everyday use, like jars, combs, mirrors, toys and kitchen utensils, on its display. O.P. Jain collected these exquisitely crafted items. These items are collected, primarily for research purpose. Scholars can also interact with artists at the Sanskriti Kendra.

Shankar's International Dolls Museum

Shankar's International Dolls Museum is a unique museum, located in the Children's Book Trust building, on the Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg of New Delhi. There are about 6,000 dolls in Shankar's International Dolls Museum, collected from over 85 countries. This, in itself, is an overwhelming fact that can lure anybody to this special museum. A third of this collection comes from different parts of India only. The museum was set up by K. Shankar Pillai, a political cartoonist. The dolls in the museum are dressed in beautiful, bright-colored and dazzling costumes, representing the country or the region to which they belong.

Shankar's International Dolls Museum is a superb medium of cultural exchange and information. The dolls displayed here not only coach us about the costumes, but also about the facial features, accessories and lifestyles of the people in different parts of the world. They also teach us about the climate, folklore and mythologies of the various countries. One can also see the making of dolls at the workshop and buy some from the Doll Designing Center in the museum. You can visit the Shankar's International Dolls Museum everyday, between 10 am and 6 pm, except Mondays.

National Gallery of Modern Art

The National Gallery of Modern Art was established in the year 1954 by, the then Vice President of India, Dr. S. Radhakrishnan. The best place to see Indian contemporary art, this museum is situated at Jaipur House of New Delhi. The royal building of the museum was formerly the residence of erstwhile Maharajas of Jaipur. It houses a splendid collection of paintings, some of which are as old as 150 years! The painting treasure housed here includes the 19th and early-20th century paintings of British artists, Thomas Daniell, and his nephew, William.

You can also see the artworks of renowned Indian artists, such as Rabindranath Tagore, Jamini Roy and Amrita Sher Gill. National Gallery of Modern Art throws light on the evolution of modern Indian paintings and sculpture. There is also an Art Reference Library, with a good collection of art books, journals and periodicals as well as a sculpture garden at the back. Apart from organizing shows and gallery management, there are a number of other activities undertaken at the gallery.
A reserve collection is being carefully maintained and documented by the gallery.
.The restoration department conserves the art works.
.The publication department publishes 335 publications, 35 posters, postcards, etc.
.The gallery is also producing and acquiring films on artists, many of which have received awards.
.The gallery organizes annual summer camps of art training for children and other educational activities.

Tibet House

Location: Institutional Area, Lodhi Road

Attractions: Tankhas, Old currency notes, Costumes, Prayer objects, Musical instruments, etc.

Timings: 9:30am to 5:30pm (Saturday and Sunday Closed)

Situated in the capital city of India, New Delhi, the Tibet House is an excellent resource centre offering glimpses of Tibetan history. It is located in the institutional area of Lodhi road. The Museum of Tibet house, houses a collection of Tibetan artifacts brought to India by Dalai Lama, when he fled from there. The prized possessions of this museum include the rare 15th century 'Tankhas', the painted scrolls depicting the life story of Buddha.

Other worth watching items are beautiful Buddha figurines, old currency notes, musical instruments, objects of prayer and antique jewelry. The Tibet House museum also houses a library with books on history and culture of Tibet. One can also buy Tibetan handicrafts, clothes, jewelry and curios from the shops located in the complex. The more inquisitive can also join the informative lectures and discussions conducted here on a regular basis.

**Bunny** · 16th October 2007, 03:16 AM

Delhi Religious Places

Birla Temple

Lakshmi Narayan Mandir is situated near Connaught Place area of New Delhi. It was built by Raja Baldev Das in 1938. Popularly known as Birla Mandir, it is dedicated to Goddess Lakshmi, the Goddess of prosperity and wealth and her consort, Lord Vishnu. Built in Orissan style, its walls are adorned with various Hindu symbols and inscriptions from the holy books of the Gita and the Upanishads. The temple was inaugurated by Mahatma Gandhi and took six years to complete. According to the conditions placed by him, people of all castes, including the untouchables, were allowed to visit the temple. It is maintained by Birla family, the renowned industrialists of India.

The highest tower in the temple is 165 ft high. The temple complex also has Geeta Bhavan, a hall adorned with paintings depicting Indian mythology and a Buddha temple, with fresco paintings on the life of Buddha. The walls of the entire complex exhibit paintings of the artists from Jaipur. An artificial mountainous landscape, with fountains and waterfalls, has been created as the backdrop of the temple. The festival of Janmashtami is celebrated with a special fervor here. The white marble and red sandstone temple has multiple 'swastikas' on display. There are shrines of other deities in the complex, such as those dedicated to Goddess Durga and Lord Shiva.

**Bunny** · 16th October 2007, 03:19 AM

Chattarpur Mandir

Chattarpur Mandir is situated just 4 km from Qutub Minar, located in the Mehrauli area of New Delhi. The spectacular temple complex is an architectural gem in itself. All the shrines in the complex are built from white marble. Comparatively recent in its construction, it rivals the splendor of the Mughal architecture of the city. Devotees from all over Delhi come to pay their homage to the deities in the temple. The main shrine is dedicated to Goddess Durga and exhibits traits of the temple architecture of South India.

On Durga Puja, one can see never-ending queues of devotees waiting patiently for their turn to ask for the blessings of the Goddess. According to the popular belief, tying a thread on the tree inside the complex of Chattarpur Mandir fulfills one's wishes. Prayers and sermons are conducted in the temple 24 hours a day. Anybody can participate in these spiritual meetings, any time. The beauty of the complex is highlighted by the lush green gardens in the area. There are also a number of temples inside the complex, dedicated to various Gods and Goddesses, like Vishnu, Ganesha, Lakshmi and Shiva.

**Bunny** · 16th October 2007, 03:21 AM

Lotus Temple

One of the most beautiful temples in India, the 40 m high Lotus Temple is also known as Bahai Temple, and is built in the shape of a half-opened Lotus flower. Situated near Bahapur village, it is the seventh Baha'i House of Worship in the world. Completed in 1986, this pure white marble temple is also known as Taj of Modern India. Surrounded by carefully manicured lawns, it has been constructed using marble, cement, sand and dolomite. The temple structure has 27 giant white marble petals and nine pools, indicative of the nine unifying spiritual paths of the Baha'i faith, which believes in oneness of all religions and mankind.

The faith emphasizes on prayer, described as, 'Conversation with God' and meditation, described as 'Key for opening the doors of mysteries'. The temple represents the broad views and scientific ideas of Baha`i faith and signifies the purity and the universality of the Lord. A perfect silence is maintained in the main hall of prayer, to allow the devotees to meditate and pray peacefully. It is said that about four million people visit the temple daily. The temple looks all the more divine in the night, when the colored lights impart it a colorful look. One can visit the temple from Tuesday to Sunday, between 10.00 am and 4.00 pm.

**Bunny** · 16th October 2007, 03:24 AM

ISKCON Temple

ISKCON Temple is located at Hari Krishna Hill, in the East of Kailash area of New Delhi. It was built as recently as 1998 and is one of the most lavish and grand temples of the city. A fine example of architecture, it sports 'Shikharas', rising to a height of 90-ft above ground level. The temple has air-conditioned hall that can hold as many as 1,500 people at once. The fine art paintings by Russian artists here depict lives and events related to Hindu mythological characters, like Radha-Krishna, Sita-Ram, Laxman, Hanuman and Chaitanya Mahaprabhu.

Special sermons and prayer meeting are held at the temple, every Sunday afternoon. Dedicated mainly to Lord Krishna, the elegant temple was built by the followers of 'Hare-Rama Hare-Krishna' cult. One of the largest temple complexes in India, it also boasts of a Robot, which was built especially to enact and preach 'Gita'. The temple remains opened every day from 4.30am to 12:00pm and from 4.00pm to 9.00pm. There is a museum in the temple which organizes multimedia shows to explain the philosophy and teachings of Ramayana and Mahabharata.

The festival of Janamashtmi (the birth of Lord Krishna) is celebrated here at a very large scale. It falls between the month of August and September. Thousands of devotees throng the temple on this auspicious occasion. The temple is beautifully decorated on this day and the enthusiasm of the pilgrims is on the peak level. It is definitely a worth watching sight. Aarti, Bhajans and sermons are a regular feature of the temple, which provide peace to body, mind and soul.

**Bunny** · 16th October 2007, 03:26 AM

Cathedral Church of the Redemption

Situated to the east of Parliament House in New Delhi, the Cathedral Church of the Redemption was built in eight years and was completed in the year 1935. It was designed by architect, Henry Medd. Lord Irwin, the then Viceroy, was so impressed by its high curved arches and subtle domes that it came to be known as 'Viceroy's Church'. Later, when the Viceroy escaped a near fatal accident in 1929, when an attempt was made to blow up his train, he presented the picture at the east end and a silver cross to the church as a thanksgiving gesture to the God for saving his life.

The linear plain exteriors of the church are in contrast with the high rounded arches inside. The spiritual aura of the church is enhanced by the light streaming through its crescent windows and a group of angels that look down from the curved roof above the altar. Regular mass takes place at the Cathedral Church of the Redemption on Sunday mornings. Apart from this, the cathedral also hosts religious concerts on festivals such as Christmas and Easter. It also maintains a personal choir, called the Capital City Minstrels. You can catch these concerts of choral music and carol singing on religious occasions and festivals.

**Bunny** · 16th October 2007, 03:29 AM

Church of the Sacred Heart Delhi

Situated at the south end of Bhai Vir Singh Marg in New Delhi, the Roman Catholic Church of the Sacred Heart was designed by Henry Medd. One can clearly see the Italian influence in its structure. The facade of white pillars, supporting the canopy, looks beautiful and attractive. Their setting against a dark brick background lends them an ethereal charm. On each side of the cathedral's entrance porch, there are circular arcaded turrets rising above the roof. The interiors look grand and lavish with their towering curved roof, polished stone floors and broad arches.

The idea of constructing the church was nurtured by Father Luke. He belonged to the Franciscan First Order, founded by St. Francis of Assisi. The church occupies a special place in the hearts of Delhi Christians and is taken in high regard. It celebrates Easter and Christmas ever since its inception. The teachings of Christ are preached to the devotees throughout the year. Easter celebration includes the death ceremony of Christ, followed by his joyful resurrection. On Christmas Eve, Christmas vigil service is organized, wherein prayers and scriptures are read, just an hour before midnight.

St. Francis of Assisi (1182-1226) propagated to lead a life based on brotherhood, simplicity and poverty. This inspired Father Luke to establish the cathedral. During Christmas, many festivities take place in the church and the most important is the Feast of the Holy Family of Nazareth. The cathedral assures participation of the weaker sections of the society by celebrating Christmas with pavement dwellers and lepers. Blankets and woolen clothes are bought from the donations given by the people. These are then donated amongst the pavement dwellers, thus living up to the ideals of St. Francis of Assisi.

**Bunny** · 16th October 2007, 03:31 AM

Gurdwara Bangla Sahib

Gurdwara Bangla Sahib is an important historical and religious place in India. Dedicated to the eighth Sikh Guru, Sri Harkishen Sahib, it is situated near Connaught Place Market in New Delhi. Its main hall is kept simple, except for the open central shrine, covered by a small golden dome sporting a sculpted bronze cupola. Devotional music is relayed throughout the complex continuously. There is a higher secondary school, Baba Baghel Singh Museum, a library and a hospital in the Gurdwara complex. Holy water of Bangla Sahib Gurudwara, known as 'Amrit, is said to have miraculous powers of curing the sick.

Before entering the shrine, the devotees take a holy dip in the holy pond, known as 'sarovar'. The birth of Guru Sri Harkrishan Sahib and death anniversary of Maharaja Ranjit Singhji is celebrated here every year. 'Langar' or Community Kitchen Hall is organized on the east side of the complex. Here, free food is served to all the devotees, without any distinction of caste, creed or status. One can visit the main complex bare-footed only, covering one's head and wearing conservative clothes, covering legs and shoulders.

According to the legend related to this Gurdwara, the seat of Guru Sahib was disputed and Ram Rai, brother of Harkishen, sought the help of Aurungzeb. Aurungzeb called Guru Harkishen to Delhi, where he was entertained royally by Mirza Raja Jai Singh in his own palace, along with Diwan Dargah Mull, Bhai Gurditta Ji, Bhai Mati Das Ji and the mother of the Guruji. Later, this fabulous mansion was converted into a Gurdwara in the memory of the Guru Sahib and was called as Gurdwara Bangla Sahib. This shrine has also had the honor of hosting sixth Guru Sri Hargobind Sahib, on his arrival in Delhi.

**Bunny** · 16th October 2007, 03:34 AM

Gurdwara Majnu ka Tila

Gurdwara Majnu ka Tila is situated on the Grand Trunk Road, in the Timarpur region of New Delhi. This shrine is dedicated to Guru Nanak, who hallowed this place during his visit to Delhi in the 15th century. The small structure was expanded in the 1980s to a larger white marble structure, with a cusped dome. It was also proposed to be covered with gold leaf work, later. There is an interesting story associated with Majnu ka Tila Gurudwara. According to the tale, a Muslim hermit used to live on this hillock, during the reign of Sikander Lodhi.

He used to row people across River Yamuna free of charge. He so yearned for the glimpse of God that the local people called him 'Majnu'. It is said that he finally attained enlightenment by the blessings of Guru Nanak and became his devout disciple. Since then, his hermitage came to be known as Majnu ka Tila. The devout love of Majnu towards God and his radiant spirit finally led to the construction of this shrine, to commemorate him and Guru Nanak. On Baisakhi, a 'langar' is arranged here every year, to celebrate the birth of Khalsa.

15th October 2007, 11:22 PM	#1 (permalink)
Bunny Global Moderator Join Date: Apr 2007 Location: Somewhere Posts: 1,893	Delhi Darshan *Forts & Monuments* Humayun's Tomb The second Mughal Emperor Humayun died just a year after he regained Delhi. His Persian wife, Hamida Begum, supervised the construction of his tomb from 1562-1572. It was designed by the Persian architect, Mirak Mirza Ghiyuath. Situated on the bank of River Yamuna and adjoining the shrine of the famous Sufi saint Nizam al-Din Auliya, this tomb is said to have been a precedent of later Mughal mausoleums in India. The geometrically arranged gardens intersected with numerous water channels present a paradise setting. The tomb took eight years to build and had a Char Bagh Garden style in its design, the first of its kind in the region. These were later introduced in the Red Fort of Delhi and at the Taj Mahal of Agra. Persian architectural traits are also evident in the building and its main chamber is said to be inspired from the tomb of the Persian Mongol ruler, Oljeytu, at Sultaniyya. The tomb of Timur (Tamerlane) in Samarkand is also said to be the source of inspiration for the Mughal architecture in India. In the central domed chamber, the sarcophagus of Humayun is found. According to Islamic practice, his head is pointing south, and facing east. The vaulted chambers also contain tombs that were added later. These tombs contain symbols that provide complete information about their occupant. The sarcophagi are not usually inscribed, but these tombs are believed to be containing the remains of the wives of Humayun, along with several later Mughal emperors and princes. The name of Humayun's tomb is found in the list of UNESCO Heritage buildings and was the first Indian building to use the Persian double dome. Its harmonious proportions are undoubtedly the work of skilled craftsmen. Set upon a platform, it exhibits certain Indian architectural features too, such as the small kiosks or 'chhatris' on the roof. The attractive inlaid tile work is carved intricately using Indian and Persian patterns and elements. Its carved stone screens are praiseworthy for their delicate look. Isa Khan's Tomb Isa Khan's Tomb is situated just outside the Humayun's tomb precincts in New Delhi. It was built in the honor of Isa Khan, a brave and valiant noble under Sher Shah, the Afghan ruler who had overthrown Humayun. It was built in 1547, in an octagonal pattern. It is an architectural gem in the Islamic art in India and remained a model tomb amongst the ruling families in its time. Said to be inspired by the tomb of Sikandar Lodi, which is 300 years older than the Isa Khan tomb, it can boast of having more graceful proportions. The 'chhatris' or small kiosks and pinnacles around the dome that were introduced here look quite elegant. Jantar Mantar Situated at Connaught Place area of New Delhi, Jantar Mantar is one of the five observatories built by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II, the ruler and founder of Jaipur, in India. Smaller than the one at Jaipur, it is still astonishing because of its capability to make accurate calculations of many astronomical movements. Constructed in 1724, the giant abstract masonry instruments of Jantar Mantar are the evident of the technological genius of the times in the field of astronomy. Jai Singh was a keen astronomer and a noble in the Mughal court. He was dissatisfied by the brass and metal astronomical instruments and decided to correct and update the astronomical records with more accurate instruments. He built five Jantar Mantars in India, located at Delhi, Jaipur, Varanasi, Ujjain and Mathura. Jantar Mantar of New Delhi was built with a view to help the practicing astronomers in observing the movements of the Sun, Moon and all other planets. The relevance of this science would then be introduced to the general public. The Sun dial here dominates the par and is also known as the Samrat Yantra or Brihat Samrat yantra - the huge sundial. A striking structure in yellow on the right side, it has a 27m high arm adjusted at an angle of 27 degrees. The other yantras in this observatory are used to observe the various stars and planets. The Mishra Yantra helps to determine the longest and shortest days in the year. In December, one pillar overshadows the other and in June, it does not cast any shadow at all. When compared to others, this observatory is the largest and the best preserved today. But, after its erection in 1724, it remained functional only for seven years. Observations made each day were noted down and later a chart called Zij Muhammad Shahi was prepared. This was then dedicated to the reigning monarch. Many experts in this field are of the view that these observatories fell into disuse, because of lack of thought on the part of the king. The original name Yantra (instrument) mantra (formula) has been corrupted to Jantar Mantar. Old Fort Said to be built on the site of Indraprastha, mentioned in Mahabharata - the great Indian epic, Old Fort has been the seat for administration for many emperors. Now in ruins, this citadel had the glory of being the seat of the legendary ruler, Prithviraj Chauhan. Sher Shah Suri built it after he demolished the Humayun's city, Dinpanah. There are bastions on the corners of the western wall of the fort. The 2-km long ramparts of Purana Quila boast of three double-storied main gates sporting 'chhatris' on top. They can be found in north, south and west. The northern one is called the 'Talaqi-Darwaza' (the Forbidden Gate) and has a carving of marble lions engaged in combat with a man in its front. One can still see the remnants of the colored tiles which used to ornament its exteriors. However, it is said that Sher Shah could not complete the construction of Old Fort and it was finished by Humayun. Thus, the southern gate of the fort is known as Humayun Darwaza. There is a wide moat on the northern and western sides of the fortress and a causeway connected the fortress with the main land. Excavations in the Old Fort area have revealed pieces of painted greyware dated around 1000 BC, said to be related to Mahabharata. Relics and remains of later period found here confirm the belief that Purana Quila was built on the site of Indraprastha, the capital of Pandavas. These artifacts range from the Mauryan to early Mughal period, such as Northern Black polished ware, punch-marked coins, human and animal terracotta figurines and inscribed terracotta seals. Sher Shah built a mosque in 1541, with traits of Lodhi to Mughal architecture style. Sher-Mandal, a double-storey octagonal tower of red sandstone and marble, surmounted by an octagonal chhatri and decorated with glazed tiles and painted plasterwork was also built by him. The latter was said to be used as a library by Humayun. It was from here that Humayun fell down and died. Besides these, there is a Sound and Light Show at Old Fort, presenting the 5000 years of history of Delhi. Other attractions near the Old Fort are a lake with paddle-boating facility and the Zoological Park situated just adjacent to it Safdarjung Tomb Situated besides the Safdarjung airport in New Delhi, Safdarjung tomb was built by the Nawab of Awadh for his father. It is one of the finest examples of architecture in India. The second Nawab of the Awadh dynasty was popularly known as Safdarjung. He was born as Muhammad Muqim in Khurasan province of Persia and migrated to India in 1722. He succeeded his father-in-law and maternal uncle, Saadat Khan, to the throne of Awadh. In order to occupy the throne, he had to pay an astounding amount of money to Nadir Shah. Later, the Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah gave him the title of "Safdarjung". He was an efficient administrator and handled the administration of Awadh with great precision. Safdarjung rendered valuable assistance to the weakened Muhammad Shah. Very soon, he occupied an important place in the Delhi court. When Ahmad Shah Bahadur ascended the throne at Delhi, Safdarjung became his Wazir-ul-Mamalik-i-Hindustan or the Chief Minister of India. The tomb of Safdarjang was built to commemorate the memory of Wazir of Hindustan. It is situated in the center and has a huge dome. There are four water canals leading to four buildings. One of the canals has an ornately decorated gateway, while the other three are pavilions, with living quarters built into the walls. There are octagonal towers in the corners. There are also four oblong tanks (canals) on each side of the tomb. Qutub Minar Qutubuddin Aibak laid the foundation of Qutab Minar, as a victory tower, in 1199 AD. Originally, it rose to a height of 72.5 m. It is undoubtedly one of the finest stone towers in India and one of the most important landmarks of Delhi. Iltutmish, the son-in-law and successor of Qutubuddin, completed its construction. Nearby, one can also see the ruins of the Tomb of Iltutmish. He built it in 1235 AD, during his own lifetime, and decorated the interiors profusely, using calligraphy. The tower tapers from a base of 14.32 m to 2.75 m at its top and took 20 years to complete. Built in red sandstone, this tower sports the inscriptions of verses of Holy Quran and some intricate carvings. We can also see the ruins of the embattlements of the city called 'Siri' here. It was established in 1303 AD by Ala-ud-Din, who dug a vast reservoir in Hauz Khas to supply water to his city. Though nothing much of the city remains to be seen, it has been described by the contemporary historians as the 'envy of Baghdad, the rival of Cairo and equal to Constantinople'. Besides these, one can also see the tomb of Adham Khan and Zafar Mahal within Qutub complex and the tomb of Jamali-Kamali behind it. Iron Pillar Situated in the courtyard of the Quwwatu'l-Islam, the famous Iron Pillar belongs to 4th century. It is enclosed in the Qutub Minar complex of New Delhi. The Sanskrit inscription in Gupta script and the peculiar style of its 'Amalaka' capital confirms the date. Qutub Minar Legends There a number of legends related to the Qutub Minar of New Delhi. Some people believe that the monument was actually built by Prithviraj Chauhan, so that his daughter could behold the sacred river Yamuna from its top as part of her daily worship. Qutub Minar Blues According to the inscriptions on Qutub Minar, it was twice struck by the lightning and was damaged. The first incidence occurred in 1326, during the reign of Muhammed Tughluq. Quwwatu'l-Islam Masjid The mosque known as Quwwatu'l-Islam Masjid is located adjacent to Qutub Minar in Delhi. It is believed to have been built using the carved stone slabs and materials of the remains of Hindu Temples. Delicate brocade designs and Islamic inscription adorn this structure. Tomb of Iltutmish Built by Shamsu'd-Din Iltutmish himself in 1235, the tomb of Iltutmish lies to the northwest of the Quwwatu'l Islam Mosque of New Delhi. Though, there was a gap of only five years between the constructions of Sultan Ghauri's tomb and this tomb. Red Fort Shah Jahan shifted his capital from Agra to Shahjahanabad and laid the foundation of Red Fort, or the Lal Quila, on 16th April 1639. It took nine years to build this mighty citadel and it got completed on 16th April 1648. It is said that about one crore rupees, an astronomical sum in those days, was spent on its construction. Half of this sum was spent to build the exotic palaces within the fort. Built of red sandstone, it is octagonal in shape, with two longer sides on the east and west. The perimeter of its strong ramparts is about 2.41 km. Red Fort rises to a height of 33.5 m on the town side and 18 m along the river. A wide moat surrounds the fort, which was originally connected with the river and was always filled with water. The two main gateways, known as Lahori Gate and Delhi Gate (named so, as they face Lahore and Delhi respectively), are three storeys high and are flanked by semi-octagonal towers. They are situated on the centre of the western and southern sides respectively. The main entrance to the Lal Quila is through the Lahori Gate. Beyond the gate, there is a roofed passage, flanked by arcaded apartments leading to the palaces, known as Chhatta Chowk. These apartments are now used as shops. Besides these, there are three more gates on other sides, which are kept closed now. The master builders of the Red Fort were Hamid and Ahmad. Visitors are allowed only in a part of Red Fort, as the army occupies the rest of it. Some of the main buildings within the fort are: Diwan-i-Am Diwan-i-Am or Hall of Public Audience is situated in the Red Fort of Delhi. It originally had a courtyard on its front and was richly ornamented with gilded stuccowork. Heavy curtains graced the main hall, which were three bays in depth. Hamam Accompanying the Diwan-i-Khas, or Hall of Selective Audience, the Hamam (bathroom set) consists of three apartments interconnected by corridors. The marble floors and dados are inlaid with beautiful floral patterns of multi-colored stones. Moti Masjid The personal mosque of Aurungzeb, Moti Masjid or Pearl Mosque lies to the west of Hamam. Situated on a higher level than courtyards, the prayer-hall of the mosque has inlaid black-marble outlines of 'musallas' (small carpets for prayers) and is surmounted by three bulbous domes. Mumtaz Mahal One of the original six main-palaces situated along the river front, Mumtaz Mahal was also known as 'Chhoti Baithak'. A beautiful water channel called 'Nahr-i-Bihisht' (meaning Stream of Paradise) flew through these palaces. However, this palace has been removed, probably because it was totally in ruins. Naubat Khana Naubat Khana, or Naqqar Khana (meaning the Drum House), is situated at the entrance of the palace area. Here music was played five times a day at the appointed hours. It housed a gate known as 'Hathi Pol' (Elephant Gate), where visitors dismounted from their elephants.

16th October 2007, 03:12 AM	#2 (permalink)
Bunny Global Moderator Join Date: Apr 2007 Location: Somewhere Posts: 1,893	Re: Delhi Darshan Delhi Museums Crafts Museum The Crafts Museum is situated at Pragati Maidan area of New Delhi. It displays Indian handicrafts and offers first-hand experience of craftsmen at work. Some of the most rare and exquisite pieces of art and craft, collected selectively from all over India, are the prized possessions of the museum. Established in 1956 with an aim to showcase and promote the works of native artisans, it had over 20,000 objects on display by early 1980s. The distinctive architectural display of Indian villages and authentically constructed mud huts, adorned with folk art and tribal exhibits, such as woodcarvings, paintings, paper-mache and embroidery, attract the tourists very much. One can even see the full-sized wooden haveli from Gujarat at the museum. The Crafts Museum Shop in the complex is also worth visiting. The museum has been subdivided into several specialized galleries, including the Tribal and Rural Craft Gallery, Gallery of Courtly Crafts, Textile Gallery and Gallery of Popular Culture. There is a reference section too, which is of great help to the scholars, designers and crafts persons. The live demonstrations of producing and making of folk arts and crafts are amazing. Interested people can also buy souvenirs, such as the ritual objects, ornaments, rugs, shawls and books, either from the craftsmen or from the museum. Indira Gandhi Memorial Museum Indira Gandhi Memorial Museum was the residence of the former Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi. It is where her own bodyguards assassinated her on 31st October 1984. It was later converted into a museum, after her assassination. Indira Gandhi Memorial Museum preserves her personal belongings very well, and in such a manner, that they are rendered alive by merely their presentation. One can see the sari she was wearing when she was assassinated, a collection of rare photographs of the Nationalist movement, the personal moments of the Nehru-Gandhi family and her childhood photographs with the Mahatma. The museum also contains burnt clothes of Indira Gandhi's son Rajeev Gandhi, which he was wearing at the time of his assassination. He was also one of the former Prime Ministers of lndia. One can also see some of the rare photographs clicked by him, depicting the happy times of his life. As you arrive in the gardens outside the museum, you can see the spot where Indira Gandhi was actually assassinated and fell. Dried blood spots can be seen enclosed in a glass frame at the same spot. Do not miss the last writings of the lady, hung on the entrance. It portrays the love of the leader for the nation and the countrymen. It reveals her spirit and sense of service for the motherland, inspite of the threat to her life. National Museum The largest museum of New Delhi, the National museum at Janpath, offers a unique insight into the history and culture of India. It has a wide array of exhibits, depicting the 5000 years of Indian history. The three floors of the museum offer splendid and priceless pieces of Indian art and sculpture that have been arranged in galleries, according to the period to which they belong. The famous sculpture of Dancing Girl from Mohenjodaro belonging to 2,500 BC, the Moghul period paintings & Arabian manuscripts are some of the prized possessions here. The silk banners, sculpture and wall paintings that were a part of Sir Aurel Stein's collection in the Central Asian gallery are worth seeing here. A collection of Indian miniature paintings, from Mughal, Rajasthani and Pahari schools, and simple stone Neolithic Tools, dating back to 3,000 -1,500 BC, are simply outstanding. Then, there is shell and bone jewelry belonging to Indus Valley Civilization of Mohenjodaro and Harappa and also the carved pillars and statues of the Mauryan dynasty. The fine bronze idols, stone sculpture, textiles, coins and tribal art are all exhibited at the National Museum of Delhi. The men love the display of weapons and historical costumes on the third floor, while the display of over 300 musical instruments in the museum awes the music lovers. The more inquisitive ones can also attend the film shows on the art heritage of India on weekdays at 2:30 pm and on weekends at 11:30 am, 2:30 pm and 4:00 pm. The museum remains closed on Mondays. National Museum of Natural History A small, but well documented, museum, known as the National Museum of Natural History, is the best place to view the varied flora and fauna of India. It is situated in FICCI building at Barakhambha road in New Delhi. It was opened for the people on 5th June 1978. The museum was the brain child of former Prime Minister Smt. Indira Gandhi. There is a Discovery and Activity Room for kids, where Children can participate in creative activities, such as animal modeling. It is maintained by the Ministry of Environment & Forests, with an aim to promote environmental education and create awareness among the people. The museum boasts of several specialized galleries that have been designed for different target groups. There are four main exhibit galleries, namely, The Introduction of Natural History, Nature's Network Ecology and Conservation and Cell - The Basic Unit of Life. The National Museum of Natural History also has a Bio-Science Computer Room, an Activity Room and a Mobile Museum. There is a daily film show at the museum, between 11.30 am to 3.30 pm. Regular lectures and exhibitions are also organized here from time to time. Natural History Museum remains closed on Saturday. National Rail Museum National Rail Museum, situated in New Delhi, is a must-visit for those who love locomotives. There are various models of train, engines and coaches in the museum. It also preserves the model of India's very first train, a steam engine that made its journey from Mumbai to Thane in 1853. There are a number of locomotives displayed in the open, which are simply lovable. The museum, sprawling across 10 acres of land, is a storehouse of information on the 150-yr old history of railways in India. Children love the ride in the toy train on the miniature rail track around the museum. The highlight of the museum is the Fairy Queen built in 1855, which is the best-preserved locomotive of its times. Some of the prized possessions of the museum are the vintage displays, including the still-working oldest locomotive in the world. Besides this, there is the Viceregal Dining Car that was built in 1889. The museum also possesses the lavish royal coaches of the Prince of Wales Saloon built in 1875, Maharaja of Mysore's Saloon built in 1899 and the Maharaja of Baroda's Saloon built in 1886. These saloons that were built specially for the imperial personages display elaborate interior design befitting the grandeur of the sovereigns. These coaches are unique in the world and nothing can match up to their splendor. National Science Museum National Science Centre Museum is located at Pragati Maidan area of New Delhi. Designed specially for kids, the National Science Centre Museum has a large collection of working science models to educate children about the scientific facts. It is an initiative by the government to tell the children how things work and to awaken their curiosity to know more. A trip to this museum can be both educational and recreational at the same time. The National Science Centre Museum of Delhi is one of the largest science centers in India. It was developed with an aim to make science interesting and exciting for students. There are a number of galleries in the museum, based on different themes and containing varied displays. The displays in the museum are based on various theories and laws of science. Children can understand the nitty-gritty of science by demonstrating them practically. The models displayed at Human Biology gallery are very intriguing. The most popular spot in the museum is the 'Dinosaur's Gallery' of Animals of Mesozoic era. Children hover around this place in huge numbers. Other displays here, inform about India's contribution to science and mathematics, about Nobel Prize winners and eminent Indian personalities of the field. Nehru Museum and Planetarium Nehru Museum and Planetarium is situated at the erstwhile residence of Late Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India. It is the best place to learn about the history of the Independence Movement of India. The museum offers photographs of Jawaharlal Nehru in various phases of his life. The colonial building structure has high ceilings, teak panels, spacious verandas and well-maintained gardens. Prior to independence, this building served as the official residence of the Commander-in-Chief of the British forces in India. Nehru lived here for 16 years. Also known as Teenmurti Bhawan, it now houses a museum, a library and a planetarium, dedicated to Nehru. The personal museum here is actually the bedroom, the drawing room and the study preserved exactly as they were at the time of Nehru's death. They have a visual display of his achievements, his childhood and youth. The Gifts Gallery exhibits some of the priceless gifts received by Nehru during his travel in India and overseas, including the Bharat Ratna medal that was awarded to him in 1955. The Jawahar Jyoti, the eternal flame that is kept burning day and night, symbolizes the ideals of Jawaharlal Nehru. His first speech on the eve of Independence of India is inscribed on a massive granite rock, put up in the front lawn. The splendid collection of the library is made up of books and material on religion, culture, sociology, economics, politics and development of India. Besides the books, one can also find pamphlets, newspapers, periodicals, old and rare journals and an excellent manuscript collection. Nehru Planetarium tells you about the Space Program of India, the Universe and showcases the Capsule that took Rakesh Sharma to space. There are astronomy shows held daily, from 11:30 am to 3.00pm. The museum remains closed on Monday. Sangeet Natak Akademi Sangeet Natak Akademi, situated in New Delhi, is one of the premier institutions of dance, music and performing arts of India. It boasts of a large audio-visual archive. Every year, this autonomous organization, which is funded by the Government, bestows honors on the outstanding artists in the field of performing arts. It also arranges performances by renowned veterans as well as young talented artists. Sangeet Natak Academy also runs training programs and awards scholarships to the deserving artists. The gallery in its resource center, along with its museum, displays a splendid collection of several types of Indian folk and classical musical instruments. It also exhibits elaborate masks and costumes used by the performers. The library has a collection of some rare and precious volumes that are not easily obtained elsewhere. Sanskriti Museum Sanskriti Museum situated in the outskirts of Delhi is broadly categorized into two parts - Sanskriti Museum of Indian Terracotta and Sanskriti Museum of Everyday Art. The Sanskriti Museum of Terracotta houses creative earthen objects made by some of the finest crafts persons, hailing from different parts of India, using their distinctive traditions and techniques. The well-documented display of terracotta crafts is complemented by the residential facilities and working space for crafts persons, where one can see them at work. It exhibits over 150 terracotta items collected from all over the nation. There is a gallery in the museum which showcases the history of terracotta art in India. The traditional terracotta art is illustrated with the help of photographs. On the other hand, Sanskriti Museum of Everyday Art is situated in the Sanakriti Kendra. The museum was set up to preserve the age-old traditions of India. It has functional items of everyday use, like jars, combs, mirrors, toys and kitchen utensils, on its display. O.P. Jain collected these exquisitely crafted items. These items are collected, primarily for research purpose. Scholars can also interact with artists at the Sanskriti Kendra. Shankar's International Dolls Museum Shankar's International Dolls Museum is a unique museum, located in the Children's Book Trust building, on the Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg of New Delhi. There are about 6,000 dolls in Shankar's International Dolls Museum, collected from over 85 countries. This, in itself, is an overwhelming fact that can lure anybody to this special museum. A third of this collection comes from different parts of India only. The museum was set up by K. Shankar Pillai, a political cartoonist. The dolls in the museum are dressed in beautiful, bright-colored and dazzling costumes, representing the country or the region to which they belong. Shankar's International Dolls Museum is a superb medium of cultural exchange and information. The dolls displayed here not only coach us about the costumes, but also about the facial features, accessories and lifestyles of the people in different parts of the world. They also teach us about the climate, folklore and mythologies of the various countries. One can also see the making of dolls at the workshop and buy some from the Doll Designing Center in the museum. You can visit the Shankar's International Dolls Museum everyday, between 10 am and 6 pm, except Mondays. National Gallery of Modern Art The National Gallery of Modern Art was established in the year 1954 by, the then Vice President of India, Dr. S. Radhakrishnan. The best place to see Indian contemporary art, this museum is situated at Jaipur House of New Delhi. The royal building of the museum was formerly the residence of erstwhile Maharajas of Jaipur. It houses a splendid collection of paintings, some of which are as old as 150 years! The painting treasure housed here includes the 19th and early-20th century paintings of British artists, Thomas Daniell, and his nephew, William. You can also see the artworks of renowned Indian artists, such as Rabindranath Tagore, Jamini Roy and Amrita Sher Gill. National Gallery of Modern Art throws light on the evolution of modern Indian paintings and sculpture. There is also an Art Reference Library, with a good collection of art books, journals and periodicals as well as a sculpture garden at the back. Apart from organizing shows and gallery management, there are a number of other activities undertaken at the gallery. A reserve collection is being carefully maintained and documented by the gallery. .The restoration department conserves the art works. .The publication department publishes 335 publications, 35 posters, postcards, etc. .The gallery is also producing and acquiring films on artists, many of which have received awards. .The gallery organizes annual summer camps of art training for children and other educational activities. Tibet House Location: Institutional Area, Lodhi Road Attractions: Tankhas, Old currency notes, Costumes, Prayer objects, Musical instruments, etc. Timings: 9:30am to 5:30pm (Saturday and Sunday Closed) Situated in the capital city of India, New Delhi, the Tibet House is an excellent resource centre offering glimpses of Tibetan history. It is located in the institutional area of Lodhi road. The Museum of Tibet house, houses a collection of Tibetan artifacts brought to India by Dalai Lama, when he fled from there. The prized possessions of this museum include the rare 15th century 'Tankhas', the painted scrolls depicting the life story of Buddha. Other worth watching items are beautiful Buddha figurines, old currency notes, musical instruments, objects of prayer and antique jewelry. The Tibet House museum also houses a library with books on history and culture of Tibet. One can also buy Tibetan handicrafts, clothes, jewelry and curios from the shops located in the complex. The more inquisitive can also join the informative lectures and discussions conducted here on a regular basis.

16th October 2007, 03:16 AM	#3 (permalink)
Bunny Global Moderator Join Date: Apr 2007 Location: Somewhere Posts: 1,893	Re: Delhi Darshan Delhi Religious Places *Birla Temple* Lakshmi Narayan Mandir is situated near Connaught Place area of New Delhi. It was built by Raja Baldev Das in 1938. Popularly known as Birla Mandir, it is dedicated to Goddess Lakshmi, the Goddess of prosperity and wealth and her consort, Lord Vishnu. Built in Orissan style, its walls are adorned with various Hindu symbols and inscriptions from the holy books of the Gita and the Upanishads. The temple was inaugurated by Mahatma Gandhi and took six years to complete. According to the conditions placed by him, people of all castes, including the untouchables, were allowed to visit the temple. It is maintained by Birla family, the renowned industrialists of India. The highest tower in the temple is 165 ft high. The temple complex also has Geeta Bhavan, a hall adorned with paintings depicting Indian mythology and a Buddha temple, with fresco paintings on the life of Buddha. The walls of the entire complex exhibit paintings of the artists from Jaipur. An artificial mountainous landscape, with fountains and waterfalls, has been created as the backdrop of the temple. The festival of Janmashtami is celebrated with a special fervor here. The white marble and red sandstone temple has multiple 'swastikas' on display. There are shrines of other deities in the complex, such as those dedicated to Goddess Durga and Lord Shiva.

16th October 2007, 03:19 AM	#4 (permalink)
Bunny Global Moderator Join Date: Apr 2007 Location: Somewhere Posts: 1,893	Re: Delhi Darshan *Chattarpur Mandir* Chattarpur Mandir is situated just 4 km from Qutub Minar, located in the Mehrauli area of New Delhi. The spectacular temple complex is an architectural gem in itself. All the shrines in the complex are built from white marble. Comparatively recent in its construction, it rivals the splendor of the Mughal architecture of the city. Devotees from all over Delhi come to pay their homage to the deities in the temple. The main shrine is dedicated to Goddess Durga and exhibits traits of the temple architecture of South India. On Durga Puja, one can see never-ending queues of devotees waiting patiently for their turn to ask for the blessings of the Goddess. According to the popular belief, tying a thread on the tree inside the complex of Chattarpur Mandir fulfills one's wishes. Prayers and sermons are conducted in the temple 24 hours a day. Anybody can participate in these spiritual meetings, any time. The beauty of the complex is highlighted by the lush green gardens in the area. There are also a number of temples inside the complex, dedicated to various Gods and Goddesses, like Vishnu, Ganesha, Lakshmi and Shiva.

16th October 2007, 03:21 AM	#5 (permalink)
Bunny Global Moderator Join Date: Apr 2007 Location: Somewhere Posts: 1,893	Re: Delhi Darshan *Lotus Temple* One of the most beautiful temples in India, the 40 m high Lotus Temple is also known as Bahai Temple, and is built in the shape of a half-opened Lotus flower. Situated near Bahapur village, it is the seventh Baha'i House of Worship in the world. Completed in 1986, this pure white marble temple is also known as Taj of Modern India. Surrounded by carefully manicured lawns, it has been constructed using marble, cement, sand and dolomite. The temple structure has 27 giant white marble petals and nine pools, indicative of the nine unifying spiritual paths of the Baha'i faith, which believes in oneness of all religions and mankind. The faith emphasizes on prayer, described as, 'Conversation with God' and meditation, described as 'Key for opening the doors of mysteries'. The temple represents the broad views and scientific ideas of Baha`i faith and signifies the purity and the universality of the Lord. A perfect silence is maintained in the main hall of prayer, to allow the devotees to meditate and pray peacefully. It is said that about four million people visit the temple daily. The temple looks all the more divine in the night, when the colored lights impart it a colorful look. One can visit the temple from Tuesday to Sunday, between 10.00 am and 4.00 pm.

16th October 2007, 03:24 AM	#6 (permalink)
Bunny Global Moderator Join Date: Apr 2007 Location: Somewhere Posts: 1,893	Re: Delhi Darshan *ISKCON Temple* ISKCON Temple is located at Hari Krishna Hill, in the East of Kailash area of New Delhi. It was built as recently as 1998 and is one of the most lavish and grand temples of the city. A fine example of architecture, it sports 'Shikharas', rising to a height of 90-ft above ground level. The temple has air-conditioned hall that can hold as many as 1,500 people at once. The fine art paintings by Russian artists here depict lives and events related to Hindu mythological characters, like Radha-Krishna, Sita-Ram, Laxman, Hanuman and Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. Special sermons and prayer meeting are held at the temple, every Sunday afternoon. Dedicated mainly to Lord Krishna, the elegant temple was built by the followers of 'Hare-Rama Hare-Krishna' cult. One of the largest temple complexes in India, it also boasts of a Robot, which was built especially to enact and preach 'Gita'. The temple remains opened every day from 4.30am to 12:00pm and from 4.00pm to 9.00pm. There is a museum in the temple which organizes multimedia shows to explain the philosophy and teachings of Ramayana and Mahabharata. The festival of Janamashtmi (the birth of Lord Krishna) is celebrated here at a very large scale. It falls between the month of August and September. Thousands of devotees throng the temple on this auspicious occasion. The temple is beautifully decorated on this day and the enthusiasm of the pilgrims is on the peak level. It is definitely a worth watching sight. Aarti, Bhajans and sermons are a regular feature of the temple, which provide peace to body, mind and soul.

16th October 2007, 03:26 AM	#7 (permalink)
Bunny Global Moderator Join Date: Apr 2007 Location: Somewhere Posts: 1,893	Re: Delhi Darshan *Cathedral Church of the Redemption* Situated to the east of Parliament House in New Delhi, the Cathedral Church of the Redemption was built in eight years and was completed in the year 1935. It was designed by architect, Henry Medd. Lord Irwin, the then Viceroy, was so impressed by its high curved arches and subtle domes that it came to be known as 'Viceroy's Church'. Later, when the Viceroy escaped a near fatal accident in 1929, when an attempt was made to blow up his train, he presented the picture at the east end and a silver cross to the church as a thanksgiving gesture to the God for saving his life. The linear plain exteriors of the church are in contrast with the high rounded arches inside. The spiritual aura of the church is enhanced by the light streaming through its crescent windows and a group of angels that look down from the curved roof above the altar. Regular mass takes place at the Cathedral Church of the Redemption on Sunday mornings. Apart from this, the cathedral also hosts religious concerts on festivals such as Christmas and Easter. It also maintains a personal choir, called the Capital City Minstrels. You can catch these concerts of choral music and carol singing on religious occasions and festivals.

16th October 2007, 03:29 AM	#8 (permalink)
Bunny Global Moderator Join Date: Apr 2007 Location: Somewhere Posts: 1,893	Re: Delhi Darshan *Church of the Sacred Heart Delhi* Situated at the south end of Bhai Vir Singh Marg in New Delhi, the Roman Catholic Church of the Sacred Heart was designed by Henry Medd. One can clearly see the Italian influence in its structure. The facade of white pillars, supporting the canopy, looks beautiful and attractive. Their setting against a dark brick background lends them an ethereal charm. On each side of the cathedral's entrance porch, there are circular arcaded turrets rising above the roof. The interiors look grand and lavish with their towering curved roof, polished stone floors and broad arches. The idea of constructing the church was nurtured by Father Luke. He belonged to the Franciscan First Order, founded by St. Francis of Assisi. The church occupies a special place in the hearts of Delhi Christians and is taken in high regard. It celebrates Easter and Christmas ever since its inception. The teachings of Christ are preached to the devotees throughout the year. Easter celebration includes the death ceremony of Christ, followed by his joyful resurrection. On Christmas Eve, Christmas vigil service is organized, wherein prayers and scriptures are read, just an hour before midnight. St. Francis of Assisi (1182-1226) propagated to lead a life based on brotherhood, simplicity and poverty. This inspired Father Luke to establish the cathedral. During Christmas, many festivities take place in the church and the most important is the Feast of the Holy Family of Nazareth. The cathedral assures participation of the weaker sections of the society by celebrating Christmas with pavement dwellers and lepers. Blankets and woolen clothes are bought from the donations given by the people. These are then donated amongst the pavement dwellers, thus living up to the ideals of St. Francis of Assisi.

16th October 2007, 03:31 AM	#9 (permalink)
Bunny Global Moderator Join Date: Apr 2007 Location: Somewhere Posts: 1,893	Re: Delhi Darshan *Gurdwara Bangla Sahib* Gurdwara Bangla Sahib is an important historical and religious place in India. Dedicated to the eighth Sikh Guru, Sri Harkishen Sahib, it is situated near Connaught Place Market in New Delhi. Its main hall is kept simple, except for the open central shrine, covered by a small golden dome sporting a sculpted bronze cupola. Devotional music is relayed throughout the complex continuously. There is a higher secondary school, Baba Baghel Singh Museum, a library and a hospital in the Gurdwara complex. Holy water of Bangla Sahib Gurudwara, known as 'Amrit, is said to have miraculous powers of curing the sick. Before entering the shrine, the devotees take a holy dip in the holy pond, known as 'sarovar'. The birth of Guru Sri Harkrishan Sahib and death anniversary of Maharaja Ranjit Singhji is celebrated here every year. 'Langar' or Community Kitchen Hall is organized on the east side of the complex. Here, free food is served to all the devotees, without any distinction of caste, creed or status. One can visit the main complex bare-footed only, covering one's head and wearing conservative clothes, covering legs and shoulders. According to the legend related to this Gurdwara, the seat of Guru Sahib was disputed and Ram Rai, brother of Harkishen, sought the help of Aurungzeb. Aurungzeb called Guru Harkishen to Delhi, where he was entertained royally by Mirza Raja Jai Singh in his own palace, along with Diwan Dargah Mull, Bhai Gurditta Ji, Bhai Mati Das Ji and the mother of the Guruji. Later, this fabulous mansion was converted into a Gurdwara in the memory of the Guru Sahib and was called as Gurdwara Bangla Sahib. This shrine has also had the honor of hosting sixth Guru Sri Hargobind Sahib, on his arrival in Delhi.

16th October 2007, 03:34 AM	#10 (permalink)
Bunny Global Moderator Join Date: Apr 2007 Location: Somewhere Posts: 1,893	Re: Delhi Darshan *Gurdwara Majnu ka Tila* Gurdwara Majnu ka Tila is situated on the Grand Trunk Road, in the Timarpur region of New Delhi. This shrine is dedicated to Guru Nanak, who hallowed this place during his visit to Delhi in the 15th century. The small structure was expanded in the 1980s to a larger white marble structure, with a cusped dome. It was also proposed to be covered with gold leaf work, later. There is an interesting story associated with Majnu ka Tila Gurudwara. According to the tale, a Muslim hermit used to live on this hillock, during the reign of Sikander Lodhi. He used to row people across River Yamuna free of charge. He so yearned for the glimpse of God that the local people called him 'Majnu'. It is said that he finally attained enlightenment by the blessings of Guru Nanak and became his devout disciple. Since then, his hermitage came to be known as Majnu ka Tila. The devout love of Majnu towards God and his radiant spirit finally led to the construction of this shrine, to commemorate him and Guru Nanak. On Baisakhi, a 'langar' is arranged here every year, to celebrate the birth of Khalsa.

Currently Active Users Viewing This Thread: 1 (0 members and 1 guests)

Thread Tools
Show Printable Version Email this Page
Display Modes
Linear Mode Switch to Hybrid Mode Switch to Threaded Mode